Rhabdomyolysis, commonly referred to as "rhabdo," is a condition in which muscle fibers break down and release a protein called myoglobin into the bloodstream. This can lead to a number of serious complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and compartment syndrome. Understanding the difference in short-term and long-term concern is extremely important. In the short-term, the most immediate concern for those with rhabdo is the risk of AKI. Myoglobin can cause damage to the kidneys by clogging the filters in the kidney, which can lead to a decrease in the amount of urine, an increase in CK levels, and even complete kidney failure. The risk of AKI is highest in patients who have already experienced significant muscle damage and those with other kidney problems. Treatment for AKI typically involves fluid replacement and kidney-protective medications, but dialysis may be needed in severe cases. Another short-term concern for those with rhabdo is the risk of compartment syndrome. This occurs when myoglobin and other muscle breakdown products cause inflammation and swelling within a muscle compartment, which can lead to increased pressure and decreased blood flow. This can result in nerve and muscle damage, and in severe cases, amputation may be necessary. Treatment for compartment syndrome typically involves surgery to release the pressure and restore blood flow. In the long-term, patients who have had rhabdo may be at risk for chronic kidney disease. While AKI is a common symptom of rhabdo, some patients may experience long-term kidney damage that can lead to chronic kidney disease. This can result in a number of complications, including anemia, hypertension, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Treatment for chronic kidney disease usually involves big life changes such as a low-salt diet or medications to control blood pressure and anemia. Rhabdomyolysis patients may also experience muscle weakness, pain, and fatigue that may be long-term. Additionally, they may have an increased risk of developing muscle and joint problems. Physical therapy can help with muscle weakness and pain, but it may take months to recover. In conclusion, rhabdomyolysis is a serious condition that can lead to a number of short-term and long-term complications. The most immediate concern is the risk of AKI and compartment syndrome, but patients may also be at risk for chronic kidney disease and muscle weakness and pain.